The Cellamare conspiracy is the subject of one of Alexandre Dumas' novels, The Conspirators (Le Chevalier d'Harmental). [12] Using his increased revenues, Philip was the first Capetian king to build a French navy actively. Finally, in 1693 the prince studied composition with Marc-Antoine Charpentier. He would not participate in any campaign until restored to all ancient lands. [7] From the time of his coronation, all real power was transferred to Philip, as his father's health slowly declined. [8] The great nobles were discontented with Philip's advantageous marriage. The death of Henry's eldest son, Henry the Young King, in June 1183, began a dispute over the dowry of Philip's widowed sister Margaret. It was not until John had been disappointed in his hope for an easy victory after being driven from Roche-au-Moine and had retreated to his transports that the Imperial Army, with Otto at its head, assembled in the Low Countries. One of his most effective tools was to befriend all of Henry's sons and use them to foment rebellion against their father. Vérifiez les traductions'Philippe II de France' en Breton. Throughout his life Philippe had many mistresses; his wife came to prefer living quietly at Saint-Cloud, the Palais-Royal, or her house at Bagnolet. In 1202, disaffected patrons petitioned the French king to summon John to answer their charges in his capacity as John's feudal lord in France. (Philippe II de FRANCE) Né le 21 août 1165 (samedi) - Gonesse, 95; Décédé le 14 juillet 1223 (vendredi) - Mantes la Jolie, 78,à l'âge de 57 ans; Roi de France de 1180 à 1223 To keep the duplicitous John on his side, Philip entrusted him with the defence of the town of Évreux. The deaths within three years of the Dauphin, two of his three sons, his daughter-in-law and the little Duke of Brittany led to widespread rumours that Orléans had poisoned them all to gain the throne. He broke off his friendships with Henry's younger sons Richard and John as each acceded to the English throne. [39] He then asked Pope Celestine III for an annulment on the grounds of non-consummation. Philippe II de Bourgogne dit Philippe le Hardi[1] (1342 - 1404), est le fils du roi Jean II de France, dit Jean le Bon, et de Bonne de Luxembourg. The treaty was meant to bring peace to Normandy by settling the issue of its much-reduced boundaries. "[This quote needs a citation] On 31 July 1191, the French army of 10,000 men (along with 5,000 silver marks to pay the soldiers) remained in Outremer under the command of Duke Hugh III of Burgundy. [30] Philip's forces fled and attempted to reach the fortress of Gisors. Here, Philip's advance was halted by a defense led by the Earl of Leicester. Il … Né le 21 aout 1165 au château de Gonesse; Baptisé le 22 aout 1165 dans la chapelle Saint-Michel; Sacré et couronné le 1 novembre 1179 dans la cathédrale de … [1] Philip was given the epithet "Augustus" by the chronicler Rigord for having extended the crown lands of France so remarkably. John requested safe conduct, but Philip only agreed to allow him to come in peace, while providing for his return only if it were allowed to after the judgment of his peers. Philip made it his life's work to destroy Angevin power in France. Philip finally achieved a third marriage in June 1196, when he was married to Agnes of Merania from Dalmatia. The last two occurred. • Baldwin, John W. (1991). This Battle of Fréteval turned into a general encounter in which Philip barely managed to avoid capture as his army was put to flight. In 1685, the Cardinal de Bouillon had refused to take part in the marriage of the Duke of Bourbon and Françoise Marie's sister, Mademoiselle de Nantes, and, as a result, had been sent into exile, but he was recalled for the wedding of Françoise-Marie and the Duke of Chartres. [2] Philippe was greatly affected by his mother's death. On 15 June 1722, Louis XV and the court left the Tuileries Palace for the Palace of Versailles where the young king wanted to reside. Quatrième fils du roi de France Jean II le Bon et de Bonne de Luxembourg, Philippe reçoit de son père le duché de Bourgogne (1363), puis, grâce à l'appui de son frère, le roi Charles V, il épouse Marguerite de Male (1369), fille et héritière du comte de Flandre. Philip, eager to relieve the pressure off his allies in the south, marched to confront Richard's forces at Vendôme. What Philip had gained through victory in war, he sought to confirm by legal means. In the late 1690s Chartres studied the viol with Antoine Forqueray the elder. [14] Ninety-nine Jews were burned alive in Brie-Comte-Robert. I commend the Dauphin to you, serve him as loyally as you have served me. Il est le fils héritier de Louis VII dit le Jeune et d'Adèle de Champagne. Philippe II de France, dit Philippe Auguste, est un roi de France. For the Paris Métro station, see. Son règne dure quarante trois ans pendant lequel il remporte des victoires déterminantes et participe à des croisades dont celle où il se bat aux côtés de Richard Coeur de Lion. [6] He was married on 28 April 1180 to Isabella of Hainault, the daughter of Count Baldwin V of Hainaut and Countess Margaret I of Flanders. He was born in Lyon, the second son of King Philip IV and Jeanne of Navarre. [1], At his birth, he was titled Duke of Chartres and was formally addressed as Monseigneur le duc de Chartres. [50] The war against the Cathars did not end until 1244, when their last strongholds were finally captured. As the grandson of King Louis XIII of France, Philippe was a petit-fils de France. Then, in 1198, Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI died. (Roi de France : règne 1180-1223) Philippe Auguste est né à Paris en l’an de grâce 1165, le fils de Louis VII Le Jeune (roi de 1137 à 1180), et de sa troisième épouse Adèle de Champagne. In July 1185, the Treaty of Boves left the disputed territory partitioned, with Amiénois, Artois, and numerous other places passing to the king, and the remainder, with the county of Vermandois proper, left provisionally to the Count of Flanders. As the second living son of his parents, his birth was not greeted with the enthusiasm the Duke of Valois had received in 1673.[2]:9. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. In March 1721, the Infanta Mariana Victoria arrived in Paris amid much joy. [37] In England, the defeated John was so weakened that he was soon required to submit to the demands of his barons and sign Magna Carta, which limited the power of the crown and established the basis for common law. Philippe II de France dit Auguste Roi de France. Returning to France in late 1191, Phillip began plotting to find a way to have those territories restored to him. At the newlyweds' bedding ceremony later that evening, the exiled Queen of England had the honour of handing the new Duchess of Chartres her bed clothes. The young couple, mismatched from the start, never grew to like each other, and soon the young Philippe gave his wife the nickname of Madame Lucifer. On 27 September, Richard entered Vexin, taking Courcelles-sur-Seine and Boury-en-Vexin before returning to Dangu. He disembarked with his army at La Rochelle during one of Philip's absences, but the campaign was a disaster. [54] Under his guidance, Paris became the first city of teachers the medieval world knew. A program of how best to educate a prince was drawn up exclusively for him by Guillaume Dubois, his preceptor. His successor was to be Otto IV, Richard's nephew, who put additional pressure on Philip. Through all of this, Philip remained in constant communication with Pandulf Verraccio, the papal legate, who was encouraging Philip to pursue his objective. Two years later its aims were revived in the Pontcallec Conspiracy, four leaders of which were executed. Philip II fell ill in September 1222 and had a will made, but carried on with his itinerary. Psautier dit de saint Louis (Latin 10525) avec Philippe II (roi de France, 1165-1223) comme Autre Documents sur Philippe II (roi de France, 1165-1223) (60 ressources dans data.bnf.fr) Livres (46) Philippe's education was carried out by the respected instructor Nicholas-François Parisot de Saint-Laurent until 1687.[2]:23. But the inquisitorial measures which he had begun against the financiers led to disturbances, notably in the province of Brittany where a rebellion known as the Pontcallec Conspiracy unfolded. Ferdinand refused to attend, still angry over the loss of the towns of Aire and Saint-Omer that had been captured by Philip's son Louis the Lion. The upshot was that by autumn 1198, Richard had regained almost all that had been lost in 1193. The war slowly turned against Philip over the course of the next three years. Hardly had the siege begun when Philip learned that the English fleet had captured a number of his ships at Damme and that the rest were so closely blockaded in its harbor that it was impossible for them to escape. [30] In desperate circumstances, Philip offered a truce so that discussions could begin towards a more permanent peace, with the offer that he would return all of the territories except for Gisors. Each course of study taught the duc de Chartres the "principles" or "elements" of a subject. In 1189, Henry's health was failing. Isabella brought the County of Artois as her dowry. Known as l'infante Reine (Queen-Infanta) while in France, she was placed in the care of the old Dowager Princess of Conti, Philippe's sister in law, and lived in the Tuileries Palace. Presenting some documents purporting to be from Richard, Philip claimed that the English king had agreed at Messina to hand disputed lands over to France. To seal the treaty, a marriage between Blanche of Castile, John's niece, and Louis the Lion, Philip's son, was contracted. His death, and the news of the fall of Jerusalem to Saladin, diverted attention from the Franco-English war. Not having heard anything directly from their sovereign, FitzRalph and the Norman barons rejected Philip's claim to Vexin. Il est sacré et associé à son père en 1129 mais meurt accidentellement deux ans et demi plus tard. Philippe VI de France, dit « Philippe de Valois » (né en 1293, mort le 22 août 1350) 1: à Nogent le Roi, fut le premier roi de France de la branche collatérale des Valois.. Biographie . There were contemporary rumors of an incestuous relationship between the duke and his daughter, Marie Louise Elisabeth of Berry. Charles de Saint-Albin, dit l'Abbé d'Orléans, Gabrielle Angelique, Duchess of La Valette and Epernon, This page was last edited on 5 December 2020, at 10:21. Next, collaborating to link physics and music, Sauveur and Loulié demonstrated vibrating strings and the Galilean pendulum, and how the mathematical principles on which these devices depend are related to music. Louis XV mourned him greatly. [16] Philip chased him, and the two armies confronted each other near Amiens. Later he went to Spain and took part in the Battle of Almansa, a major step in the consolidation of Spain under the Bourbons (1707), where he achieved some important successes. Philippe VI de France . Leaving a large force behind to prosecute the siege, he moved off towards Évreux, which John had handed over to his brother to prove his loyalty. Bannière royale de France : Royaume de France [1180 - 1223] - Philippe II Auguste. Cette question est tirée du jeu : Nonetheless, the marriage produced three children: Marie Louise d'Orléans, future queen of Spain, who left France in 1679 when Philippe was just five; Philippe Charles (1664–1666), Duke of Valois; and Anne Marie d'Orléans, born at Saint-Cloud in 1669, later queen consort of Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia (they became the maternal grandparents of Philippe's future protégé Louis XV). On 20 January 1192, Philip met with William FitzRalph, Richard's seneschal of Normandy. Bannière royale de France : Royaume de France [1223 - 1226] Louis VIII le-Lion. After the ceremony, a banquet was given in the Hall of Mirrors with all the princes and princesses of the blood royal in attendance. More importantly, the siege of Acre resulted in the death of Philip, Count of Flanders, who held the county of Vermandois proper. The service was conducted by the Cardinal de Bouillon—a member of the House of La Tour d'Auvergne. There existed a party of malcontents who wished to transfer the regency from Orléans to his cousin, the young king's uncle, King Philip V of Spain. Le 13 septembre 1598, l'année même de la signature de la paix de Vervins, Philippe II, de plus en plus retiré du monde, meurt au monastère de l'Escurialqu'il a fondé. With these grievances, two years of combat followed (1186–1188), but the situation remained unchanged. Biography. Constant wars with many of the major powers in Europe rendered a significant marriage with a foreign princess unlikely, or so Louis XIV told his brother, Monsieur, when persuading him to accept the king's legitimised daughter, Françoise Marie de Bourbon (known as Mademoiselle de Blois), as wife for Philippe. His first target was the fortress of Gisors, commanded by Gilbert de Vascoeuil, which surrendered without putting up a struggle. Upon the death of the prince de Condé in 1709, the rank of Premier Prince du Sang passed from the House of Condé to the House of Orléans. John was to advance from the Loire, while his ally Otto IV made a simultaneous attack from Flanders, together with the Count of Flanders. [5] Dubois had entered Philippe's household in 1683 as his "under-preceptor". He was a King of France from SEP 18 1180 to JUL 14 1223. Si Philippe II a échoué dans la lutte qui l'a opposé à l'Angleterre et dans ses efforts de pacification des Pays-Bas, il a remporté par contre de brillantes victoires contre les Français et contre les Turcs. Philip II Augustus played a significant role in one of the greatest centuries of innovation in construction and education in France. His body was carried to Paris on a bier. Advising the English king of his precarious predicament, he persuaded John to abandon his opposition to papal investiture and agreed to accept the papal legate's decision in any ecclesiastical disputes as final. Meanwhile, he was studying diplomacy and riding, as preparations for a military career. The decision had been taken by the Duke of Orléans who, after the fall of Law's System, was feeling the loss of his personal popularity in Paris. His father having gained military distinction in the Battle of Cassel and during the decisive French victory against William III of England, Chartres would similarly demonstrate military prowess. [5], In declining health, Louis VII had his 14-year-old son crowned and anointed as king at Reims on 1 November 1179 by Archbishop William of the White Hands. The Franco-Danish churchman William of Paris intervened on the side of Ingeborg, drawing up a genealogy of the Danish kings to disprove the alleged impediment of consanguinity. Philip transformed France from a small feudal state into the most prosperous and powerful country in Europe. Philip did not participate directly in these actions, but he allowed his vassals and knights to help carry them out. The next year, the duchess gave birth to another son, Philippe Charles d'Orléans. Son surnom d'"Auguste" lui fut donné par le moine Rigord après que Philippe II eut ajouté au domaine royal en juillet 1185 (Traité de Boves) les seigneuries d'Artois, du Valois, d'Amiens et une bonne partie du Vermandois et également parce qu'il était né au mois d'août. Bunched together, the French knights with king Philip attempted to cross the Epte River on a bridge that promptly collapsed under their weight, almost drowning Philip in the process. Notified of Philip's impending approach with 2,000 knights, he turned around and headed back to Flanders. The French king took the town and was besieging the castle when Richard stormed through French lines and made his way in to reinforce the garrison, while at the same time another army was approaching Philip's supply lines. The evening of 25 August, Louis XIV had a private audience with the Duke of Orléans, his nephew and son-in-law, re-assuring him: You will find nothing in my will that should displease you. Verraccio however was also holding secret discussions with King John. Philip was the first Bourbon king of Spain, the country's present ruling house. On 2 June 1686 Chartres was invested with the Order of the Holy Spirit at Versailles; on the same day his future brother-in-law, Louis-Auguste de Bourbon, duc du Maine, also joined the order as did his cousins Louis III, prince de Condé and François Louis, Prince de Conti. Philippe II de FRANCE, Famille des Capetiens - Prince de France - Roi des Francs puis roi de France Couronnement le 1er novembre 1179, en la cathédrale de Reims. In his will, Louis XIV appointed Orléans president of the council of regency for the young king Louis XV. In May 1685 the duc de Chartres, then just ten years old, made his first public appearance at Versailles; the occasion was the arrival of the Doge of Genoa, Francesco Maria Lercari Imperiale, at the French court. [42] Due to pressure from the pope and from Ingeborg's brother King Valdemar II of Denmark, Philip finally took Isambour back as his wife in 1201, but it would not be until 1213 that she would be recognized at court as queen. Élisabeth Charlotte and Philippe would always remain close.[3]. [13], Reversing his father's toleration and protection of Jews, Philip in 1180 ordered French Jews to be stripped of their valuables, ransomed and converted to Christianity on pain of further taxation. Fortune's favorite, fearful for his life, easily excited and easily placated, he was very tough with powerful men who resisted him, and took pleasure in provoking discord among them. Some of the best historians, genealogists, scientists and artists in the kingdom participated in this educational experiment, which started around 1689. Philip's decisive victory was crucial in shaping Western European politics in both England and France. Philip II (21 August 1165 – 14 July 1223), byname Philip Augustus (French: Philippe Auguste), was King of France from 1180 to 1223. The English barons were initially unenthusiastic about the expedition, which delayed his departure, so it was not until February 1214 that he disembarked at La Rochelle. Cite error: The named reference "Pevitt" was defined multiple times with different content (see the, At the time of Philippe's birth, the Palais-Royal was only occupied as a grace and favour residence of the Duke of Orléans; it was later gifted to him when Philippe married Louis XIV's illegitimate daughter, Patricia M. Ranum, "Étienne Loulié (1654-1702), musicien de Mademoiselle de Guise, pédagogue et théoricien", (part 1). The Duke of Chartres grew up at his father's "private" court held at Saint-Cloud, and in Paris at the Palais-Royal, the Parisian residence of the Orléans family until the arrest of Philippe Égalité in April 1793 during the French Revolution. Philip decided to take advantage of this situation, first in Germany, where he aided German noble rebellion in support of the young Frederick. In order to secure the cooperation of all his vassals in his plans for the invasion, Philip denounced John as an enemy of the Church, thereby justifying his attack as motivated solely by religious scruples. During this time he opened up diplomatic channels with Russia which resulted in a state visit by Tsar Peter the Great. Philippe Ier, né le 23 mai 1052 et mort le 29 juillet 1108 au château de Melun, est roi des Francs de 1060 à 1108, quatrième de la dynastie dite des Capétiens directs. [10][11][12] Named regent of France for Louis XV until Louis attained his majority on 15 February 1723, the period of his de facto rule was known as the Regency (1715–23). [26] Philip at this time also began spreading rumors about Richard's action in the east to discredit the English king in the eyes of his subjects. The Count of Flanders had denied Philip's right to declare war on England while King John was still excommunicated, and that his disobedience needed to be punished. When Pope Innocent III called for a crusade against the "Albigensians," or Cathars, in Languedoc in 1208, Philip did nothing to support it, though he did not stop his nobles from joining in. [55] He was interred in the Basilica of St Denis in the presence of his son and successor by Isabella of Hainaut, Louis VIII, as well as his illegitimate son Philip I, Count of Boulogne and John of Brienne, the King of Jerusalem. Ties with Richard were further strained after the latter acted in a haughty manner after Acre fell to the crusaders. The immediate cause of Philip's conflict with Richard the Lionheart stemmed from Richard's decision to break his betrothal with Philip's sister Alys at Messina in 1191. C'est FAUX. This should have reverted to Philip upon the end of the betrothal, but Philip, to prevent the collapse of the Crusade, agreed that this territory was to remain in Richard's hands and would be inherited by his male descendants. [39] Philip met her at Amiens on 14 August 1193 and they were married that same day. Later in 1199, Richard was killed during a siege involving one of his vassals. Louis intended to make Philip co-ruler with him as soon as possible, in accordance with the traditions of the House of Capet, but these plans were delayed when Philip became ill after a hunting trip. [27] Unable to penetrate this defense, Philip moved on. Philippe Charles d'Orléans was born at the Château de Saint-Cloud, some ten kilometers west of Paris. At the start of 1193, John visited Philip in Paris, where he paid homage for Richard's continental lands. University of California Press. Philippe of France, Duke of Anjou (30 August 1730 – 7 April 1733) was a French prince and the second son of king Louis XV of France and Marie Leszczyńska.He was styled Duke of Anjou from birth. Philip argued in vain that his plans had been drawn up with the consent of Rome, that his expedition was in support of papal authority that he only undertook on the understanding that he would gain a plenary indulgence; he had spent a fortune preparing for the expedition. By this stage, Philip had managed to counter the ambitions of the count by breaking his alliances with Duke Henry I of Brabant and Archbishop Philip of Cologne. During a hiatus between military assignments, Chartres studied natural science. Philippe II est un Capétiendirect. The previous day there had been a formal engagement party at Versailles. These rumors were never confirmed, although the duke reacted to them by demonstrating affectionate behavior towards her at court. It was an early example of the bursting of an economic bubble.[22]. [22] At first, the French and English crusaders travelled together, but the armies split at Lyon, after Richard decided to go by sea from Marseille, whereas Philip took the overland route through the Alps to Genoa. The new Duchess of Orléans, who had converted from Protestantism to Catholicism just before entering France, was popular at court upon her arrival in 1671 and quickly became the mother of Alexandre Louis d'Orléans in 1673, another short-lived Duke of Valois. [39] At the feast of Assumption of the virgin, Archbishop Guillaume of Reims crowned both Philip and Ingeborg. He was dragged out of the river and shut himself up in Gisors.[30]. Philip's son by Isabelle de Hainaut, Louis VIII, was his successor. The Berry couple would have no children that lived more than a year. At Mantes on 9 July 1193, Philip came to terms with Richard's ministers, who agreed that Philip could keep his gains and would be given some extra territories if he ceased all further aggressive actions in Normandy, along with the condition that Philip would hand back the captured territory if Richard would pay homage. Philip II launched an attack on Berry in the summer of 1187, but by June made a truce with Henry, which left Issoudun in Philip's hands and also granted him Fréteval in Vendômois. [36] The French did not pursue. At the end of the ceremony, he threw himself in the arms of Orléans.[25]. [19] Though the truce was for two years, Philip found grounds for resuming hostilities in the summer of 1188. By the end of 1204, most of Normandy and the Angevin lands, including much of Aquitaine, had fallen into Philip's hands. Philip was born in Gonesse on 21 August 1165. Meanwhile, in 1184, Stephen I, Count of Sancerre and his Brabançon mercenaries ravaged the Orléanais. In 1718, the Cellamare conspiracy was discovered and its participants exiled. Pushed by his barons, John eventually launched an invasion of northern France in 1206. [2]:56 It has also been claimed that Philippe became so infuriated with Louis for not paying his daughter's dowry that he suffered a stroke.[13]. The three armies did not coordinate their efforts effectively. In fact, the Dauphin died of smallpox, the Duc de Berry in a riding accident and the others of measles, but they did great damage to Orléans' reputation, and even Louis XIV seems to have at least half-believed them. Richard countered Philip's thrust with a counterattack in Vexin, while Mercadier led a raid on Abbeville. On 3 December, the Duke of Orléans' body was taken to Saint-Cloud where funeral ceremonies began the following day. In riposte John crossed over into Normandy. Philippe favoured Jansenism which, despite papal condemnation, was accepted by the French bishops, and he revoked Louis XIV's compliance with the bull Unigenitus. Initial agreement had been reached for him to marry Margaret, daughter of Count William I of Geneva, but the young bride's journey to Paris was interrupted by Thomas, Count of Savoy, who kidnapped Philip's intended new wife and married her instead,[40] claiming that Philip was already bound in marriage. The Duke of Bourbon took on the role of Prime Minister of France. Philippe II Auguste Capet, Roi de France was born on 21 August 1165 at Gonesse, Île-de-France, France G. 2 He was the son of Louis VII, Roi des Francs and Adele de Champagne. Coronation, November 1, 1179 Crossing the Loire Reversing his uncle's policies again, Philippe formed an alliance with Great Britain, Austria, and the Netherlands, and fought a successful war against Spain that established the conditions of a European peace. 1165-1223 Marié le 1er juin 1196 … He maintained friendships with Henry the Young King and Geoffrey II until their deaths. Philip and his cousin Peter of Courtenay, Count of Nevers, made their way to Genoa and from there returned to France. In the next century, Chartres would serve in the War of the Spanish Succession. Philip now marched southward into the Berry region. [28] Philip now pressed his advantage in northeastern Normandy, where he conducted a raid at Dieppe, burning the English ships in the harbor while repulsing an attack by Richard at the same time. Nonetheless, on 18 February 1692, the cousins were married.[7]. Refusing to risk everything in a major battle, Philip retreated, only to have his rear guard caught at Fréteval on 3 July. Philippe II de France. [2] He checked the power of the nobles and helped the towns free themselves from seigneurial authority, granting privileges and liberties to the emergent bourgeoisie. The barons fully supported his plan, and they all gathered their forces and prepared to join with Philip at the agreed rendezvous. Philippe II, dit Sans Terre [Note 1], appelé communément Philippe II de Savoie voire Philippe de Bresse, né à Chambéry le 5 février 1438, mort à Chambéry le 7 novembre 1497, fut duc de Savoie et d'Aoste, comte de Genève et prince de Piémont de 1496 à 1497.Il était fils de Louis I er, duc de Savoie et prince de Piémont, et d'Anne de Lusignan. His reign was characterized by a gigantic advance of the French monarchy. After the early death of Isabella of Hainaut in childbirth in 1190, Philip decided to marry again. [10] The rumors were also used by the opposition during his period as regent, and were the inspiration of libelous songs and poems[11], On the death of his father in June 1701, Philippe inherited the dukedoms of Orléans, Anjou, Montpensier and Nemours, as well as the princedom of Joinville. [30] Finally, many Norman lords were switching sides and returning to Richard's camp. His uncle, the future. Philip was unhorsed by the Flemish pikemen in the heat of battle, and were it not for his mail armor he would have probably been killed. He was generous to his friends, stingy towards those who displeased him, well-versed in the art of stratagem, orthodox in belief, prudent and stubborn in his resolves. Philippe was thus entitled to the style of Monsieur le Prince. The marriage was stormy; Henrietta was a famed beauty, sometimes depicted as flirtatious by those at the court of Versailles. In December 1722, the Regent lost his mother to whom he had always been close; the Dowager Duchess of Orléans died at Saint-Cloud at the age of seventy, with her son at her side, but he did not attend her funeral service because he had been called away on official business. On 15 August 1193, he married Ingeborg, daughter of King Valdemar I of Denmark,[38] receiving 10,000 marks of silver as a dowry. After Andely surrendered, John fled to England. Philip soon planned a new offensive, launching raids into Normandy and again targeting Évreux. In March 1661, his father married his first cousin Princess Henrietta Anne of England, known as Madame at court; she was the sister of Charles II. Philip travelled to the Holy Land to participate in the Third Crusade of 1189–1192 with King Richard I of England and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa. [14] But the rank of petit-fils de France being higher than that of premier prince, Philippe did not change his style; nor did his son or other heirs make use of the Monsieur le Prince style, which had been so long associated with the cadet branch of the Princes de Condé that the heads of the House of Orléans preferred to be known at court by their ducal title.