La capitale était Schleswig. In 1866 Schleswig and Holstein were legally merged into the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein. This line corresponds remarkably closely with the present border. Sa superficie était de 9 200 km² environ. d'une lithographie représentant un paysage d'Heligoland (île de la Mer du Nord rattachée administrativement au Schleswig-Holstein), don E. Reclus en 1886] The naming dispute was resolved with the 1920 plebiscites and partition, each side applying its preferred name to the part of the territory remaining in its possession – though both terms can, in principle, still refer to the entire region. Le duché de Schleswig (allemand : Herzogtum Schleswig ; danois : Hertugdømmet Slesvig ou Sønderjylland) a existé en tant que vassal du Danemark jusqu'à la … : You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. Blazon: Français : d'or à deux lions léopardés d'azur, armés et lampassés de gueules. The name Southern Schleswig is now used for all of German Schleswig. À la mort d'Adolphe VIII en 1459, la lignée des Schauenbourg de Holstein s'éteignit ; le Schleswig et le Holstein étaient si liés qu'il fut naturel aux nobles des deux entités de se doter d'un seigneur commun. From around 1800 to 1840, the Danish-speaking population on the Angeln peninsula between Schleswig and Flensburg began to switch to Low German and in the same period many North Frisians also switched to Low German. Feudal lordship was combined with technical modernization, and the distinction between unfree labour and paid work was often vague. En 1863, le roi … The latter was a fief subordinate to the Holy Roman Empire, while Schleswig remained a Danish fief. Its construction, and in particular its great expansion around 737, has been interpreted as an indication of the emergence of a unified Danish state. However, tensions between the two powers culminated in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. La mer du Nord se trouvait à l'ouest et la mer Baltique à l'est. Danish drama series about the Second Schleswig War fought between the Kingdom of Denmark and the German Confederation. But around 1830, some Danes started to re-introduce the archaic term Sønderjylland to emphasize the area's history before its association with Holstein and its connection with the rest of Jutland. In 1805 all serfdom was abolished and land tenure reforms allowed former peasants to own their own farms.[6]. Portail du Saint-Empire romain germanique, https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duché_de_Schleswig&oldid=175648540, Portail:Saint-Empire romain germanique/Articles liés, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. These dual loyalties were to become a main root of the dispute between the German states and Denmark in the 19th century, when the ideas of romantic nationalism and the nation-state gained popular support. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. When the National Liberals came to power in Denmark in 1848, it provoked an uprising of ethnic Germans who supported Schleswig's ties with Holstein. Dans le traité de Ribe de 1460 signé avec Christian Ier figurait le fait que les deux entités devaient rester liées pour l'éternité. Following the Protestant Reformation, when Latin was replaced as the medium of church service by the vernacular languages, the diocese of Schleswig was divided and an autonomous archdeaconry of Haderslev created. They specialized in high quality dairy products. Denmark was victorious and the Prussian troops were ordered to pull out of Schleswig and Holstein following the London Protocol of 1852. The feudal system was gradually abolished in the late 18th century, starting with the crown lands in 1765 and later the estates of the nobility. Les Schauenburger, qui avaient reçu le Holstein en fief au XIIe siècle, purent s'établir comme ducs de Schleswig et comtes de Holstein, jetant ainsi les bases d'une seigneurie commune. The term "Sønderjylland" was hardly used between the 16th and 19th centuries, and in this period the name "Schleswig" had no special political connotations. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license. Prussia and Austria then assumed administration of Schleswig and Holstein respectively under the Gastein Convention of 14 August 1865. [4], In 1115, King Niels created his nephew Canute Lavard – a son of his predecessor Eric I – Earl of Schleswig, a title used for only a short time before the recipient began to style himself Duke.[5]. During the early Viking Age, Haithabu – Scandinavia's biggest trading centre – was located in this region, which is also the location of the interlocking fortifications known as the Danewerk or Danevirke. Sous la pression des Britanniques et des Russes, les belligérants signent la « Trêve de Malmö » le 26 août 1848, mais elle est rompue par le Danemark le 10 juillet 1849. This change was caused by a number of factors, most importantly the German defeat and an influx of a large number of refugees from eastern Germany, whose culture and appearance differed from the local Germans, who were mostly descendants of Danish families who had changed their nationality in the 19th century. À la mort d'Adolphe VIII en 1459, la lignée des Schauenbourg de Holstein s'éteignit ; le Schleswig et le Holstein étaient si liés qu'il fut naturel aux nobles des deux entités de se doter d'un seigneur commun. Herzogtum Schleswig Hertugdømmet Slesvig VIAF ID: 233721532 (Geographic) Permalink: http://viaf.org/viaf/233721532 To produce this cured ham, pork meat is smoked for up to eight weeks over an open fire. Le duché de Schleswig (allemand : Herzogtum Schleswig ; danois : Hertugdømmet Slesvig ou Sønderjylland) a existé en tant que vassal du Danemark jusqu'à la guerre des Duchés, en 1864. Le Schleswig et le Holstein sont alors annexés à la Prusse et deviennent une province unique à part entière en 1867. Le duché de Schleswig passe alors sous suzeraineté de la Prusse et entre de fait dans la Confédération germanique. In the 1230s, Southern Jutland (the Duchy of Slesvig) was allotted as an appanage to Abel Valdemarsen, Canute's great-grandson, a younger son of Valdemar II of Denmark. Northern Schleswig was, after the 1920 plebiscites, officially named the Southern Jutland districts (de sønderjyske landsdele), while Southern Schleswig then remained a part of the Prussian province, which became the German state of Schleswig-Holstein in 1946. La loi prussienne du 23 juin 1876, relative à la réunion du duché de Lauenbourg à la monarchie prussienne (en allemand : Gesetz betreffend die Vereinigung des Herzogtums Lauenburg mi… Feuds and marital alliances brought the Abel dynasty into a close connection with the German Duchy of Holstein by the 15th century. Au nord, c'est la Kongeå qui faisait frontière avec le reste du Jutland. "Olsen's Map", published by the Danish cartographer Olsen[citation needed] in the 1830s, used this term, arousing a storm of protests by the duchy's German inhabitants. Following the Second World War, a substantial part of the German population in Southern Schleswig changed their nationality and declared themselves as Danish. Northern Schleswig voted by a majority of 75% to join Denmark, whereas Central Schleswig voted by a majority of 80% to remain part of Germany. Provision for the cession of northern Schleswig to Denmark was made pending a popular vote in favour of this. Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 600 × 400 pixels. [citation needed] Between 1544 and 1713/20, the ducal reign had become a condominium, with the royal House of Oldenburg and its cadet branch House of Holstein-Gottorp jointly holding the stake. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 17 octobre 2020 à 09:50. Schleswig (ville) Husum (ville) Neumünster; Heide (Allemagne) Modèle:Duché de Holstein-Gottorp; Modèle:Country data Duché de Holstein-Gottorp; Modèle:Duché de Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp; Modèle:Country data Duché de Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp; Használata itt: … The Treaty of Versailles provided for plebiscites to determine the allegiance of the region. This linguistic change created a new de facto dividing line between German and Danish speakers north of Tønder and south of Flensburg. [8] Thus, two referenda were held in 1920, resulting in the partition of the region. After the German conquest in 1864, the term Sønderjylland became increasingly dominant among the Danish population, even though most Danes still had no objection to the use of "Schleswig" as such (it is etymologically of Danish origin) and many of them still used it themselves in its Danish version "Slesvig". Michaelsen, Karsten Kjer, "Politikens bog om Danmarks oldtid", Politikens Forlag (1. bogklubudgave), 2002, Meyers Konversationslexikon, 4th edition (1885-90), entry: "Eider", Danmarkshistoriens hvornår skete det, Copenhagen: Politiken, 1966, p. 65, Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen, "Innovative Feudalism. The Duchy of Schleswig (Danish: Hertugdømmet Slesvig; German: Herzogtum Schleswig; Low German: Hartogdom Sleswig; North Frisian: Härtochduum Slaswik) was a duchy in Southern Jutland (Sønderjylland) covering the area between about 60 km (35 miles) north and 70 km (45 miles) south of the current border between Germany and Denmark. In the Peace of Prague, the victorious Prussians annexed both Schleswig and Holstein, creating the province of Schleswig-Holstein. Cette frontière est déjà mentionnée au XIe siècle par Adam de Brême. The southern boundary of Denmark in the region of the Eider River and the Danevirke was a source of continuous dispute. From around 1830, large segments of the population began to identify with either German or Danish nationality and mobilized politically. Politiquement, le Schleswig était un duché vassal du roi du Danemark depuis le XIIe siècle. La province du Schleswig-Holstein (en allemand : Provinz Schleswig-Holstein) est une province du royaume de Prusse, puis de l'État libre de Prusse, créée en 1867 à la suite de l'annexion par la Prusse des duchés de Schleswig et du Holstein. Attisé par la conception du nationalisme au XIXe siècle, la « question du Schleswig-Holstein » se déchargea dans les violents affrontements de la première guerre de Schleswig de 1848 jusqu'en 1851. From early medieval times, the area's significance lay in being the buffer province of Scandinavia and the Danish Realm towards the powerful Holy Roman Empire to the south, as well as being a transit area for the transfer of goods between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, connecting the trade route through Russia with the trade routes along the Rhine and the Atlantic coast (see also Kiel Canal). In 1878, however, Austria went back on this provision, and Denmark recognized in a Treaty of 1907 with Germany that, by the agreement between Austria and Prussia, the frontier between Prussia and Denmark had finally been settled.[7]. This was an anomaly[dubious – discuss] – a king holding a ducal title of which he as king was the fount and liege lord. As Denmark and Germany are both part of the Schengen Area, for many years, there were no controls at the border. The skeletons indicated that the men were bigger proportioned than twentieth-century Danish men. Researchers surmised that the bodies were entombed in wooden coffins originally, but only the iron nails remained. The region is also called Sleswick in English. C'est ainsi que la noblesse du Holstein acquit de grandes possessions au Schleswig. By the early Middle Ages, the region was inhabited by three groups: During the 14th century, the population on Schwansen began to speak Low German alongside Danish,[1] but otherwise the ethno-linguistic borders remained remarkably stable until around 1800, with the exception of the population in the towns that became increasingly German from the 14th century onwards. Since Holstein was legally part of the German Confederation, and ethnically entirely German with no Danish population, use of that name implied that both provinces should belong to Germany and that their connection with Denmark should be weakened or altogether severed. Après 1919, la partie nord du duché reviendra au Danemark grâce au traité de Versailles qui permet les plébiscites du Schleswig. Français : Duché de Schleswig. Elles choisirent le roi Christian Ier de Danemark, un neveu d'Adolphe VIII. Roman sources place the homeland of the tribe of Jutes north of the river Eider and that of the Angles south of it. L'étendue de ce duché correspondait à la région allemande actuelle du Schleswig du Sud (districts de Nordfriesland, de Schleswig-Flensburg, une partie de celui de Rendsburg-Eckernförde et ville de Flensburg, ainsi que le comté danois de Sønderjylland). La paix est finalement signée à Berlin le 2 juillet 1850, un mois plus tard le protocole de Londres est signé, réhabilitant les distinctions entre les duchés et le royaume du Danemark. The discovery came during excavations in Schleswig. This led to the First War of Schleswig. In the Copenhagen-Bonn declaration of 1955, West Germany (later Germany as a whole) and Denmark promised to uphold the rights of each other's minority population. : You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. The development of dairy farming and Koppelwirtschaft on manors in Schleswig-Holstein in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,", http://www.politiko.dk/nyheder/regeringen-indfoerer-midlertidig-graensekontrol-til-tyskland, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Schleswig&oldid=982296277, States and territories established in 1058, Articles with Danish-language sources (da), Articles with German-language sources (de), Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1922 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from Collier's Encyclopedia, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020, Articles with disputed statements from October 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2009, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 7 October 2020, at 08:36. In Denmark, the National Liberal Party used the Schleswig Question as part of their agitation and demanded that the Duchy be incorporated into the Danish kingdom under the slogan "Denmark to the Eider". En 1863, le roi danois Frédéric VII viole le protocole de Londres en étendant la constitution du Danemark aux duchés d'Holstein et de Lauenburg et en entreprenant en mars l'annexion du Schleswig. The manors were large holdings with the work done by feudal peasant farmers. Sa superficie était de 9 200 km² environ. During the 10th century, there were several wars between East Francia and Denmark. Durant le bas Moyen Âge, ce duché était nommé Jutland-du-Sud.