As a group of people gather together and coalesces to form a crowd, there is a "magnetic influence given out by the crowd" that transmutes every individual's behaviour until it becomes governed by the "group mind". Nonetheless, the town was proud that Gustave Le Bon was born there and later named a street after him. The Crowd: A study of the Popular Mind. Gustave le Bon (1841-1931) He was a French Orientalist and researcher in sociology and psychology. Gustave Le Bon (1841-1931), a French social psychologist, is often seen as the father of the study of crowd psychology. A native of Nogent-le-Rotrou, Le Bon qualified as a doctor of medicine at the University of Paris in 1866. Dr. Gustave Le Bon was a famous French writer in the 20th century. They are especially recruited from the ranks of those morbidly nervous excitable half-deranged persons who are bordering on madness. Rashid Rida took it upon himself to present and publish Abduh`s ideas and writings in his magazine Al-Manar. [7], When Le Bon was eight years old, his father obtained a new post in French government and the family, including Gustave's younger brother Georges, left Nogent-le-Rotrou never to return. During the first half of the twentieth century, Le Bon's writings were used by media researchers such as Hadley Cantril and Herbert Blumer to describe the reactions of subordinate groups to media. This work was dedicated to his friend Charles Richet though it drew much from the theories of Théodule-Armand Ribot, to whom Le Bon dedicated Psychologie des Foules (1895). Recommend to friends. It is concerned with everything about the Prophet (Peace and mercy of Allah be upon him).The researcher will find all written, audio and visual topics about his biography and sayings. Muhammad treated the people of Quraysh, who were his enemies for twenty years, with kindness and forbearance.” [La Civilisation des Arabes, (The Civilization of Arabs) by Gustave Le Bon] In the eyes of the philosophers: [1] gustave le bon, borne 1841, a well-known french historian, paid special attention to the orient civilizations. In eighteenth century Cairo, Muslims set up bread and water foundations for dogs. Trotter's book Instincts of the Herd in Peace and War (1919) forms the basis for the research of both Wilfred Bion and Ernest Jones who established what would be called group dynamics. Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego, Les Classiques des Sciences Sociales: Le Bon, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustave_Le_Bon&oldid=992288456, Articles to be expanded from October 2016, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Léonore identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 4 December 2020, at 14:28. Le Bon detailed three key processes that create the psychological crowd: i) Anonymity, ii) Contagion and iii) Suggestibility. "[44] While this previous attribution may be valid, it is worth pointing out that Le Bon specified that the influence of crowds was not only a negative phenomenon, but could also have a positive impact. There is not a single recorded instance in the Prophet’s thoroughly documented life of such an incident. -- Gustave Le Bon . francia szociálpszichológus, szociológus, antropológus és amatőr fizikus, a tömegpszichológia egyik megalapozójaként tartják számon. Theodore Roosevelt as well as Charles G. Dawes and many other American progressives in the early 20th century were also deeply affected by Le Bon's writings.[50]. Among his famous books is La Civilization des ArabesLa Civilization des Arabes In that capacity, he observed the behaviour of the military under the worst possible condition—total defeat, and wrote about his reflections on military discipline, leadership and the behaviour of man in a state of stress and suffering. [10] He maintained his passion for writing and authored several papers on physiological studies, as well as an 1868 textbook about sexual reproduction, before joining the French Army as a medical officer after the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War in July 1870. This occurred during the late years of Abduh`s life and continued after his death. He completed his internship at Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, and received his doctorate in 1866. gustave le bon [1], in his book "religion and life", spoke about the high moral standards of prophet muhammad, peace be upon him, especially, his mercy, and tenderheartedness: “muhammad (peace be upon him) had high moral standards, wisdom, warm heartedness, deep sympathy, mercy, truthfulness, and fidelity. Gustave Le Bon, (born May 7, 1841, Nogent-le-Rotrou, France—died Dec. 13, 1931, Marnes-la-Coquette), French social psychologist best known for his study of the psychological characteristics of crowds.. After receiving a doctorate of medicine, Le Bon traveled in Europe, North Africa, and Asia and wrote several books on anthropology and archaeology. Share this quote: Like Quote. Adolf Hitler is known to have read The Crowd and in Mein Kampf drew on the propaganda techniques proposed by Le Bon. [33] Not the same type of radiation as what is now known as black light, its existence was never confirmed and, similar to N rays, it is now generally understood to be non-existent, but the discovery claim attracted much attention among French scientists at the time, many of whom supported it and Le Bon's general ideas on matter and radiation, and he was even nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. gustave le bon, borne 1841, a well-known french historian, paid special attention to the orient civilizations. [2] gustave le bon "religion and life" p. 67, [3] gustave le bon "civilization of the arabs" p. 115, Dear Muslim brother,You have the right to benefit from the site's content for personal use and not commercial, Muhammad (PBUH) - Lower your Wing (Part 2/16), Kings not Slaves - Lower your Wing (Part 16/16), The Life of the Prophet Muhammad - Medina Period, The Ten Recommendations For Protection and Happiness, The Prophet Muhammad's Way to Treat Children, The Statement of the French Historian Gustave Le Bon, "if the value of men was to be measured by the great acts they did, muhammad (peace be upon him), was one of the greatest figures throughout history. He released La Psychologie politique et la défense sociale, Les Opinions et les croyances, La Révolution Française et la Psychologie des Révolutions, Aphorismes du temps présent, and La Vie des vérités in back-to-back years from 1910 to 1914, expounding in which his views on affective and rational thought, the psychology of race, and the history of civilisation. [8], In 1860, he began medicinal studies at the University of Paris. [15] During his research, he invented a portable cephalometer to aid with measuring the physical characteristics of remote peoples, and in 1881 published a paper, "The Pocket Cephalometer, or Compass of Coordinates", detailing his invention and its application. Ia dikenal karena membuat karya tahun 1895 The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind, yang dianggap merupakan salah satu karya … [28], Le Bon's behavioural study of horses also sparked a long-standing interest in psychology, and in 1894 he released Lois psychologiques de l'évolution des peuples. Supporting Muhammad The Prophet of Islam Website aims at giving information about the Prophet of Allah and refuting the allegations about the Prophet . Gustave Le Bon : “The crowd- a study of the popular mind” written by Gustave Le Bon paved the way to the development of collective behavior. Influenced by Charles Darwin, Herbert Spencer and Ernst Haeckel, Le Bon supported biological determinism and a hierarchical view of the races and sexes; after extensive field research, he posited a correlation between cranial capacity and intelligence in Recherches anatomiques et mathématiques sur les variations de volume du cerveau et sur leurs relations avec l'intelligence (1879), which earned him the Godard Prize from the French Academy of Sciences. In 1879, Gustave Le Bon, chief misogynist of Broca's school, used these data to publish what must be the most vicious attack upon women in modern scientific literature (no one can top Aristotle). At this stage, the psychological crowd becomes homogeneous and malleable to suggestions from its strongest members. Search for more Urdu Books by your favourite writers and download these books in pdf. Gustave Le Bon — ‘Muhammad is the greatest man that history ever knew’ ... ― Gustave Le Bon tags: islam, muhammad, muhammad-pbuh. Gustave le Bon (1841-1931) He was a French Orientalist and researcher in sociology and psychology. [21][22] He followed this with a trip to Nepal, becoming the first Frenchman to visit the country, and released Voyage au Népal in 1886. Suggestibility is the mechanism through which the contagion is achieved; as the crowd coalesces into a singular mind, suggestions made by strong voices in the crowd create a space for the racial unconscious to come to the forefront and guide its behaviour. In medieval times, historian Gustave le Bon writes, animals enjoyed a ‘paradise’ in the Muslim world. Befriended and corresponded with many orientalists and foreigners including: Gustave Le Bon, Herbert Spencer, Leon Tolstoy, and Alfred Blunt. He focused on the normal individual’s behavior turning irrational or violent accordingly to the nature of the crowd. western scholars started to be fair with. Pensées brèves (1918) during the war. Charles-Marie Gustave Le Bon was born in Nogent-le-Rotrou, Centre-Val de Loire on 7 May 1841 to a family of Breton ancestry. #People #Psychology #Crowds “The art of those who govern consists above all in the science of employing words.”-- Gustave Le Bon . – Eure-et-Loir, 1931. december 13.) Defeat in the war coupled with being a first-hand witness to the Paris Commune of 1871 strongly shaped Le Bon's worldview. [19][20] He also described their culture as superior to that of the Turks who governed them, and translations of this work were inspirational to early Arab nationalists. 1897 M. 5 … 1841 [1931] Dover Publications, p. 9. [35], In L'Évolution de la Matière (1905), Le Bon anticipated the mass–energy equivalence, and in a 1922 letter to Albert Einstein complained about his lack of recognition. For Le Bon, the crowd inverts Darwin's law of evolution and becomes atavistic, proving Ernst Haeckel's embryological theory: "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny". [46][47] Benito Mussolini also made a careful study of Le Bon. His was a man of most exceptional intelligence; it sprang entirely from within himself; he was his own master, his own initiator.... Science and philosophy have suffered a cruel loss.[43]. [36] Gaston Moch gave Le Bon credit for anticipating Einstein's theory of relativity. Einstein responded and conceded that a mass–energy equivalence had been proposed before him, but only the theory of relativity had cogently proved it. His heart was soften, and he was kind, merciful, truthful and trustworthy] [Religion and Life by Gustave Le Bon] He also said, [If I judge the value of men due to the good work they do, Muhammed would be the greatest one history has ever known. When Islam was in it's infancy in Mecca, it was not a violent religion. He published his last work, entitled Bases scientifiques d'une philosophie de l'histoire, in 1931 and on 13 December, died in Marnes-la-Coquette, Île-de-France at the age of ninety. [27] The result of his study was L'Équitation actuelle et ses principes. This quote is about muhammad, islam, muhammad-pbuh,. In this, Le Bon praised Arabs highly for their contributions to civilisation, but criticised Islamism as an agent of stagnation. The strength of his personal networks is apparent from the guest list: participants included cousins Henri and Raymond Poincaré, Paul Valéry, Alexander Izvolsky, Henri Bergson, Marcellin Berthelot and Aristide Briand. [7] Little else is known of Le Bon's childhood, except for his attendance at a lycée in Tours, where he was an unexceptional student. some of his books are "arab civilization"(paris 1884), "egyptian civilization", "arab civilization in spain". [16], In 1884, he was commissioned by the French government to travel around Asia and report on the civilisations there. [12], Le Bon also witnessed the Paris Commune of 1871, which deeply affected his worldview. Edward Bernays, a nephew of Sigmund Freud, was influenced by Le Bon and Trotter. Download or share this Gustave Le Bon quote with your friends on facebook, linkedin, whatsapp, twitter, … He was an anthropologist, psychologist, and sociologist. Gustave Le Bon was an eminent psychologist and sociologist. An individual becomes primitive, unreasoning, and emotional. He was unsure as to what caused him to be thrown off the horse, and decided to begin a study of what he had done wrong as a rider. From that time on, he referred to himself as "Doctor" though he never formally worked as a physician. some of his books are "arab civilization"(paris 1884), "egyptian civilization", "arab civilization in, The Civilized Principles in the Prophet's Biography, A Message to who does not believe in Prophet Muhammad, Biblical Prophecies on the Advent of Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam, Refuting the Lies of the Enemies of Islam, Refuting Suspicions-By Sheikh Hussam Sabri, Thesaurus of the Defamations of the West against Islam- By Anwar Zanaty, Hijab (head cover) and the Clothes of the Muslim Woman, Why did Prophet Muhammad Marry Aisha; the Young Girl, Contemporary Christian Evaluations of Muhammad's Prophethood, Forty Hadeeth On: The Islamic Personality, PDF Posters and Brochures to Print and Download, The Prophet’s Methods for Correcting People’s Mistakes, The Muslim's Fastness from Quran & Sunnah-By Saeed bin Ali, Forty Encounters with the Beloved Prophet PBUH, Muhammad Presents his Brother Jesus to Mankind, Series of Prophecies in the Bible for the Advent of Muhammad (Peace be upon him), Contributed to the publication of the site. A wise, gentle teacher! From The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind. Convinced that human actions are guided by eternal laws, Le Bon attempted to synthesise Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer with Jules Michelet and Alexis de Tocqueville. 4 Jan Lek, adalah seorang orientalis Spanyol yang tersohor, lahir tahun. According to Steve Reicher, Le Bon was not the first crowd psychologist: "The first debate in crowd psychology was actually between two criminologists, Scipio Sighele and Gabriel Tarde, concerning how to determine and assign criminal responsibility within a crowd and hence who to arrest. Among his famous books is La Civilization des Arabes (The Civilization of the Arabs), one of the most fundamental books written in Europe in the modern age, impartial and objective in judgment on Arab and Islamic civilization. Le Bon continued writing throughout World War I, publishing Enseignements Psychologiques de la Guerre Européenne (1915), Premières conséquences de la guerre: transformation mentale des peuples (1916) and Hier et demain. He then released Psychologie des Temps Nouveaux (1920) before resigning from his position as Professor of Psychology and Allied Sciences at the University of Paris and retiring to his home. He opted against the formal practice of medicine as a physician, instead beginning his writing career the same year of his graduation. He became a Grand-Croix of the Legion of Honour in 1929. Gustave Le bon says "From the said verses of the Qur'an we can see that Muhammad's tolerance towards Jews and Christians was truly very great. This model treats the crowd as a unit in its composition which robs every individual member of their opinions, values and beliefs; as Le Bon states: "An individual in a crowd is a grain of sand amid other grains of sand, which the wind stirs up at will". Charles-Marie Gustave Le Bon (bahasa Prancis: [ɡystav lə bɔ̃]; lahir 7 Mei 1841 – meninggal 13 Desember 1931 pada umur 90 tahun) adalah seorang polimat Prancis yang menekuni bidang antropologi, psikologi, sosiologi, kedokteran, penemuan dan fisika. [24] In 1889, he released Les Premières Civilisations de l'Orient, giving in it an overview of the Mesopotamian, Indian, Chinese and Egyptian civilisations. [17][18] The first book, entitled La Civilisation des Arabes, was released in 1884. In his influential book Propaganda, he declared that a major feature of democracy was the manipulation of the electorate by the mass media and advertising. This lack of self-restraint allows individuals to "yield to instincts" and to accept the instinctual drives of their "racial unconscious". Charles-Marie Gustave Le Bon was born in Nogent-le-Rotrou, Centre-Val de Loire on 7 May 1841 to a family of Breton ancestry. 1822 M dan meninggal tahun. During his university years, Le Bon wrote articles on a range of medical topics, the first of which related to the maladies that plagued those who lived in swamp-like conditions. #Art “The precise moment at which a great belief is doomed is easily recognizable; it is the moment when its value begins to be called into question.”-- Gustave Le Bon . Le Bon believed an understanding of crowd psychology was essential for a proper understating of the both history and the nature of man. Charles-Marie Gustave Le Bon (7 May 1841 – 13 December 1931) was a French polymath whose areas of interest included anthropology, psychology, sociology, medicine, invention, and physics. The same year, he delivered a speech to the International Colonial Congress criticising colonial policies which included attempts of cultural assimilation, stating: "Leave to the natives their customs, their institutions and their laws. French doctor and historian. Le Bon developed the view that crowds are not the sum of their individual parts, proposing that within crowds there forms a new psychological entity, the characteristics of which are determined by the "racial unconscious" of the crowd. These reflections garnered praise from generals, and were later studied at Saint-Cyr and other military academies in France. Le Bon maintained his eclectic interests up until his death in 1931. ", George Lachmann Mosse claimed that fascist theories of leadership that emerged during the 1920s owed much to Le Bon's theories of crowd psychology. [1][2][3] He is best known for his 1895 work The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind, which is considered one of the seminal works of crowd psychology.[4][5]. Gustave le Bon (1841-1931) He was a French Orientalist and researcher in sociology and psychology. Le Bon theorised that the new entity, the "psychological crowd", which emerges from incorporating the assembled population not only forms a new body but also creates a collective "unconsciousness". Gustave Le Bon. [6] Le Bon was a direct descendant of Jean-Odet Carnot, whose grandfather, Jean Carnot, had a brother, Denys, from whom the fifth president of the French Third Republic, Marie François Sadi Carnot, was directly descended. He returned to Paris and in 1892, while riding a high-spirited horse, he was bucked off and narrowly escaped death. This work dealt with the definition of death, preceding 20th-century legal debates on the issue. Trusts were solely devoted to sick and vulnerable creatures. Among his famous books is La Civilization des Arabes (The Civilization of the Arabs), one of the most fundamental books written in Europe in the modern age, impartial and objective in judgment on Arab and Islamic civilization. Book Name: Falsafa Urooj O Zawal Aqwam Writer: Dr Gustave Le Bon Translator: Maulana Abdul Salam Nadvi Description: The book Falsafa Urooj O Zawal Aqwam pdf is an Urdu translation of an English book The Psychology of Peoples. He released Le Déséquilibre du Monde, Les Incertitudes de l'heure présente and L'évolution actuelle du monde, illusions et réalités in 1923, 1924 and 1927 respectively, giving in them his views of the world during the volatile interwar period. If you had been rough or hard of heart, they would have scattered from around you Surah Al-Imran: 159. Read more quotes from Gustave Le Bon. At the end of the war, Le Bon was named a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Le Bon discontinued his research in physics in 1908, and turned again to psychology. Charles-Marie Gustave Le Bon (French: [É¡ystav lə bɔ̃]; 7 May 1841 – 13 December 1931) was a leading French polymath whose areas of interest included anthropology, psychology, sociology, medicine, invention, and physics. [13], Le Bon became interested in the emerging field of anthropology in the 1870s and travelled throughout Europe, Asia and North Africa. [11] The results of his journeys were a number of books, and a development in Le Bon's thinking to also view culture to be influenced chiefly by hereditary factors such as the unique racial features of the people. — Gustave Le Bon “ In a crowd every sentiment and act is contagious, and contagious to such a degree that an individual readily sacrifices his personal interest to the collective interest. Le Bon was a direct descendant of Jean-Odet Carnot, whose grandfather, Jean Carnot, had a brother, Denys, from whom the fifth president of the French Third Repu… Gustave Le Bon. muhammad (peace be upon him), though religious bigotry made several other historians blind to acknowledge his virtue [3]. Recherches expérimentales (1892), which consisted of numerous photographs of horses in action combined with analysis by Le Bon. He published several other about loa loa filariasis and asphyxia before releasing his first full-length book in 1866, La mort apparente et inhumations prématurées. "if the value of men was to be measured by the great acts they did, muhammad (peace be upon him) was one of the greatest figures throughout history. Gustave le Bon (1841-1921) He was a French Orientalist and researcher in sociology and psychology. 4-The French orientalist, Gustave Le Bon, said, “Muhammad met all the harm and torture with great patience and endurance. [38][39] He wrote about "the manifestation of a new force—namely intra-atomic energy—which surpasses all others by its colossal magnitude," and stated that a scientist who discovered a way to dissociate rapidly one gram of any metal would "not witness the results of his experiments ... the explosion produced would be so formidable that his laboratory and all neighbouring houses, with their inhabitants, would be instantaneously pulverised."[40][41]. Gustave Le Bon French orientalist [Muhammed had noble manners and profound wisdom. [23], He next published Les Civilisations de l'Inde (1887), in which he applauded Indian architecture, art and religion but argued that Indians were comparatively inferior to Europeans in regard to scientific advancements, and that this had facilitated British domination. Contagion refers to the spread in the crowd of particular behaviours and individuals sacrifice their personal interest for the collective interest. Le Bon's works were influential to such disparate figures as Theodore Roosevelt and Benito Mussolini, Sigmund Freud and José Ortega y Gasset, Adolf Hitler and Vladimir Lenin. [2]. The then thirty-year-old Le Bon watched on as Parisian revolutionary crowds burned down the Tuileries Palace, the library of the Louvre, the Hôtel de Ville, the Gobelins Manufactory, the Palais de Justice, and other irreplaceable works of architectural art. [48] Le Bon also influenced Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks.[49]. 勒庞 （Gustave Le Bon 1841.5.7－1931.12.13），法国社会心理学家、社会学家，群体心理学的创始人，有“群体社会的马基雅维里”之称。他出生于法国诺晋特-勒-卢特鲁（Nogent-le-Rotrou），逝于法国马恩-拉-科盖特（Marnes-la-Coquette）。代表作《乌合之众》等。 Anonymity provides to rational individuals a feeling of invincibility and the loss of personal responsibility. He published a number of medical articles and books before joining the French Army after the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War. At the same time he created his psychological and sociological theories, he performed experiments in physics and published popular books on the subject, anticipating the mass–energy equivalence and prophesising the Atomic Age. [13], From 1871 on, Le Bon was an avowed opponent of socialist pacifists and protectionists, who he believed were halting France's martial development and stifling her industrial growth; stating in 1913: "Only people with lots of cannons have the right to be pacifists. [31] Le Bon followed these with two more books on psychology, Psychologie du Socialisme and Psychologie de l'Éducation, in 1896 and 1902 respectively. [37] In L'Évolution des Forces (1907), Le Bon prophesied the Atomic Age. He considered this as a shortcoming from those authors who only considered the criminal aspect of crowd psychology.[45]. [11] During the war, Le Bon organised a division of military ambulances. [42], In putting an end to the long, diverse and fruitful activity of Gustave Le Bon, death deprived our culture of a truly remarkable man. "[25] Le Bon released the last book on the topic of his travels, entitled Les monuments de l'Inde, in 1893, again praising the architectural achievements of the Indian people. In the 1890s, he turned to psychology and sociology, in which fields he released his most successful works. "The leaders we speak of," says Le Bon, "are usually men of action rather than of words. Just prior to World War I, Wilfred Trotter introduced Wilfred Bion to Le Bon's writings and Sigmund Freud's work Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego. Quote by Gustave Le Bon: "Muhammad is the greatest man that history ever knew..." at www.quoteslyfe.com. [30], Both were best-sellers, with Psychologie des Foules being translated into nineteen languages within one year of its appearance. This work became a respected cavalry manual, and Le Bon extrapolated his studies on the behaviour of horses to develop theories on early childhood education. Second, there is no historical evidence suggesting that the Prophet Muhammad acted contrary to the principle that there should be no compulsion in religion. Gustave Le Bon. Ignored or maligned by sections of the French academic and scientific establishment during his life due to his politically conservative and reactionary views, Le Bon was critical of democracy and socialism. Among his famous books is La Civilization des Arabes (The Civilization of the Arabs), one of the most fundamental books written in Europe in the modern age, impartial and objective in judgment on Arab and Islamic civilization. [32], Le Bon constructed a home laboratory in the early 1890s, and in 1896 reported observing "black light", a new kind of radiation that he believed was distinct from, but possibly related to, X-rays and cathode rays. [34], In 1902, Le Bon began a series of weekly luncheons to which he invited prominent intellectuals, nobles and ladies of fashion. In Psychology of Crowds, he explores theories of national traits and behaviour as opposed to the behaviour of individuals. He analysed the peoples and the civilisations he encountered under the umbrella of the nascent field of anthropology, developing an essentialist view of humanity, and invented a portable cephalometer during his travels. [29] Psychologie des Foules was in part a summation of Le Bon's 1881 work, L'Homme et les sociétés, to which Émile Durkheim referred in his doctoral dissertation, De la division du travail social. I do not claim his views were representative of Broca's school, but they were published in France's most respected anthropological journal. [9], After his graduation, Le Bon remained in Paris, where he taught himself English and German by reading Shakespeare's works in each language. Friends Who Liked This Quote. At the time of Le Bon's birth, his mother, Annette Josephine Eugénic Tétiot Desmarlinais, was twenty-six and his father, Jean-Marie Charles Le Bon, was forty-one and a provincial functionary of the French government. At the time of Le Bon's birth, his mother, Annette Josephine Eugénic Tétiot Desmarlinais, was twenty-six and his father, Jean-Marie Charles Le Bon, was forty-one and a provincial functionary of the French government. those morals were the reason of attracting the views of impartial thinkers to the prophet of islam, peace be upon him, and considering him one of the greatest figures of history. Gustave Le Bon, régies, magyarosított formában Lebon Gusztáv (Nogent-le-Rotrou, 1841. május 7. Read online and download Urdu Books. western scholars started to be fair with muhammad (peace be upon him), though religious bigotry made several other historians blind to acknowledge his virtue [3]. Orientalis Perancis Gustave Le Bon9 dia berkata, “Muhammad menghadapi berbagai macam siksaan dan tekanan dengan sabar dan lapang dada.