bombardement dresde phosphore

The death toll of 135,000 given by Vonnegut was taken from The Destruction of Dresden, a 1963 book by David Irving. Le bombardement de Dresde par les Alliés, du 13 au 15 février 1945, détruisit la quasi-totalité de la ville. [1] The bombing and the resulting firestorm destroyed more than 1,600 acres (6.5 km2) of the city centre. The bombing is featured in the 2018 German film, Webster and Frankland (1961) give 805 Bomber Command aircraft 13 February 1945 and 1,646 US bombers 16 January – 17 April 1945. Taylor suggests that, although the destruction of Dresden would have affected people's support for the Allies regardless of German propaganda, at least some of the outrage did depend on Goebbels' falsification of the casualty figures. En une nuit et deux jours, près de 1 300 bombardiers ont largué 2 431 tonnes (tons) de bombes « HE » (high explosive, à grand pouvoir explosif, comportant un régime de détonation supersonique), et 1 475 tonnes de bombes « IB » (incendiary bombs, soit des centaines de milliers de bombes incendiaires), lors de trois raids principaux (13 et 14 février) et d'un dernier raid le 15 février, soit plus de 3 900 tonnes d'engins explosifs et incendaires[12]. [60] The Pathfinders therefore decided to expand the target, dropping flares on either side of the firestorm, including the Hauptbahnhof, the main train station, and the Großer Garten, a large park, both of which had escaped damage during the first raid. According to Max Hastings, by February 1945, attacks upon German cities had become largely irrelevant to the outcome of the war and the name of Dresden resonated with cultured people all over Europe—"the home of so much charm and beauty, a refuge for Trollope's heroines, a landmark of the Grand Tour." [13][14], In the decades since the war, large variations in the claimed death toll have fuelled the controversy, though the numbers themselves are no longer a major point of contention among historians. Le bombardement de Dresde eut lieu du 13 au 15 février 1945, selon les principes de la directive du ministère de l'Aviation du gouvernement britannique sur le bombardement de zone du 14 février 1942, devenue avec l'USAAF la directive de Casablanca en 1943.Il détruisit presque entièrement la ville allemande de Dresde, dans le cadre d'un bombardement combiné en bomber stream. Ver más ideas sobre Dresde, Bombardeo de dresde, Holocausto. Buy Dresde Apocalypse DVD, Blu-ray online at lowest price in India at Amazon.in. Den allierede Operation Market Garden mislykkedes i store træk på trods af, at de tyske tropper var spredt og isoleret i store områder af Europa.Det lykkedes at koncentrere tyske tropper i forbindelse med Ardenneroffensiven. In response, Portal, who was in Yalta, asked Bottomley to send him a list of objectives to discuss with the Soviets. [65], 316 B-17 Flying Fortresses bombed Dresden, dropping 771 tons of bombs. Attacks on cities like any other act of war are intolerable unless they are strategically justified. What they were looking for was a big built-up area which they could burn, and that Dresden possessed in full measure. His studio having burned in the attack with his life's work, Rudolph immediately set out to record the destruction, systematically drawing block after block, often repeatedly to show the progress of clearing or chaos that ensued in the ruins. Hence any assistance to the Soviets on the Eastern Front could shorten the war. "But there were too many corpses to bury. The report concludes with: The specific forces and means employed in the Dresden bombings were in keeping with the forces and means employed by the Allies in other aerial attacks on comparable targets in Germany. [d] Historian Götz Bergander, an eyewitness to the raids, found no reports on strafing for 13–15 February by any pilots or the German military and police. The Americans only came the following day to plow over the rubble. [161], Kurt Vonnegut's novel Slaughterhouse-Five or The Children's Crusade: A Duty-Dance with Death (1969) used some elements from his experiences as a prisoner of war at Dresden during the bombing. Le tout est disponible sur Internet: ministère allemand des Affaires étrangères, bombardements atomiques d'Hiroshima et Nagasaki, LTI-Lingua Tertii Imperii: Notizbuch eines Philologen, Retour sur la destruction de Dresde du 13-14 février 1945, http://www.memoire-net.org/article.php3?id_article=268, « Historical Analysis of the 14-15 February 1945 Bombings of Dresden », prepared by the USAF Historical Division, Research Studies Institute, 1945, https://web.archive.org/web/20140223032027/http://www.hdot.org/en/trial/judgement/11-7.html, http://www.laplumeagratter.fr/2014/02/13/crimes-de-guerre-13-15-fevrier-1945-dresde-le-plus-grand-bombardement-de-lhistoire-documentaire/, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/heroesvillains/g1/cs3/default.htm, http://www.dresden-dossier1945.de/archivsperrungen.php, http://www.dresden.de/de/leben/stadtportrait/110/ereignisse/03/historikerkommission/02_materialien.php, http://www.kprdd.de/Dresden/Bilder/Rathausturm.htm, http://www.dresden.de/media/pdf/presseamt/Faltblatt_Rathaus.pdf, Directive sur le bombardement de zone du 14 février 1942, Bombardements stratégiques durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Dresde vue de la rive droite de l'Elbe en dessous du pont Auguste, Dresde vue de la rive droite de l'Elbe au-dessus du pont Auguste, Pour tenter d’en finir avec les idées fausses sur Dresde, Opérations aériennes de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Bombardements stratégiques alliés contre les ressources pétrolières de l'Axe, Opérations aériennes pendant la bataille de Normandie, Raids aériens japonais des îles Mariannes, Bombardements atomiques d'Hiroshima et de Nagasaki, https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bombardement_de_Dresde&oldid=176345049, Bataille ou opération aérienne de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Massacre ou atrocité de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Article contenant un appel à traduction en allemand, Article contenant un appel à traduction en anglais, Article avec une section vide ou incomplète, Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata, Page utilisant une présentation en colonnes avec un nombre fixe de colonnes, Portail:Époque contemporaine/Articles liés, Portail:Seconde Guerre mondiale/Articles liés, Portail:Forces armées des États-Unis/Articles liés, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. But they are strategically justified in so far as they tend to shorten the war and preserve the lives of Allied soldiers. [140], In late July 1943, the city of Hamburg was bombed in Operation Gomorrah by combined RAF and USAAF strategic bomber forces. The Allies were aware of the effects of firebombing, as British cities had been subject to them during the Blitz. [18] One of the main authors responsible for inflated figures being disseminated in the West was Holocaust denier David Irving, who subsequently announced that he had discovered that the documentation he had worked from had been forged, and the real figures supported the 25,000 number. "[23] He mentioned that aircraft diverted to such raids should not be taken away from the current primary tasks of destroying oil production facilities, jet aircraft factories, and submarine yards. The shock to military planners and to the Allied civilian populations of the German counterattack known as the Battle of the Bulge had ended speculation that the war was almost over, and may have contributed to the decision to continue with the aerial bombardment of German cities.[135]. As a centre of military and munitions production, Coventry suffered some of the worst attacks on any British city at the hands of the Luftwaffe during the Coventry Blitzes of 1940 and 1941, which killed over 1,200 civilians and destroyed its cathedral.[119]. The Albertstadt, in the north of Dresden, had remarkable military facilities that the bombings failed to hit. Endelig har det været at Dresden var uden militær betydning. This experience was also used in several of his other books and is included in his posthumously published stories: Armageddon in Retrospect. The fan-shaped area that was bombed was 1.25 miles (2.01 km) long, and at its extreme about 1.75 miles (2.82 km) wide. Cependant trois ans plus tard, il considérait les puissances occidentales comme seules responsables du bombardement criminel de Dresde qui ne répondait à aucune nécessité militaire. By this point in the war, the Luftwaffe was severely hampered by a shortage of both pilots and aircraft fuel; the German radar system was also degraded, lowering the warning time to prepare for air attacks. [31] British historian Frederick Taylor mentions a further memo sent to the Chiefs of Staff Committee by Air Marshal Sir Douglas Evill on 1 February, in which Evill states interfering with mass civilian movements was a major, even key, factor in the decision to bomb the city centre. Harris quotes as his source the Public Records Office ATH/DO/4B quoted by Lord Zuckerman "From Apes to Warlords" p. 352. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFGrayling2006 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFGrayling2006b (, United Newsreel on the bombing of Dresden, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force, Aerial bombardment and international law § International law up to 1945, Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands, blocked a demonstration of far-right organizations, Slaughterhouse-Five or The Children's Crusade: A Duty-Dance with Death, Operation Gomorrah campaign against Hamburg. Le bombardement de Dresde par les Alliés, du 13 au 15 février 1945, détruisit la quasi-totalité de la ville. The Wehrmacht's main command post in the Taschenbergpalais, 19 military hospitals and a number of less significant military facilities were also destroyed. [13] An example can be found in the extremist nationalist party Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands (NPD). This was a common mix when the USAAF anticipated cloudy conditions over the target. [39] It said that there were 110 factories and 50,000 workers in the city supporting the German war effort at the time of the raid. The uncertainty this introduced is thought to amount to no more than 100. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 7 novembre 2020 à 17:25. Le premier maire communiste de Dresde, après la guerre, Walter Weidauer (de), considérait en 1946 les attaques comme évitables bien qu'ayant été provoquées par les « fascistes allemands ». Le 16 février, le ministère de la Propagande publiait un communiqué de presse qui dessinait la ligne générale de la propagande nazie : Dresde n'avait aucune industrie de guerre, n'était qu'une ville de culture et d'hôpitaux. Pour son coprésident, Tino Chrupalla, le véritable bilan serait d'« environ 100 000 victimes »[30]. Civilian strafing was in fact a regular practice of the Luftwaffe throughout the war. An RAF memo issued to airmen on the night of the attack gave some reasoning for the raid: Dresden, the seventh largest city in Germany and not much smaller than Manchester is also the largest unbombed builtup area the enemy has got. Dresden was also obscured by clouds, so the groups targeted the city using H2X. In 1990, after the fall of the Berlin Wall, a group of prominent Dresdeners formed an international appeal known as the "Call from Dresden" to request help in rebuilding the Lutheran Frauenkirche, the destruction of which had over the years become a symbol of the bombing. [42] Colonel Harold E. Cook, a US POW held in the Friedrichstadt marshaling yard the night before the attacks, later said that "I saw with my own eyes that Dresden was an armed camp: thousands of German troops, tanks and artillery and miles of freight cars loaded with supplies supporting and transporting German logistics towards the east to meet the Russians".[43]. Laurie.B. Le 75 e anniversaire du bombardement de Dresde devrait nous obliger à comprendre que, malheureusement, comme l’a déclaré l’homme d’État romain Cicéron, « En temps de guerre, la loi se tait. D'autres bombardements sur l'Allemagne (Berlin et Hambourg lors de l'opération Gomorrhe) furent aussi très meurtriers, mais celui de Dresde a plus profondément choqué les esprits, peut-être parce que la ville était davantage perçue comme une ville d'arts et de culture et qu'elle avait un intérêt stratégique moins important (ne pouvant justifier une attaque aussi lourde), d'autant plus que l'Albertstadt, le fort militaire de Dresde, n'a pas été bombardé. It was Stokes' questions in the House of Commons that were in large part responsible for the shift in the UK against this type of raid. Les services de renseignements occidentaux étaient arrivés à la conclusion que la Wehrmacht allait déplacer 42 divisions (un demi-million d'hommes) vers le front de l'Est, alors proche de la ville, et les services soviétiques avaient signalé d'importants mouvements de trains sur le centre de triage de Dresde (en fait, des trains de réfugiés fuyant l'avance de l'Armée rouge qui effectuait l'offensive Vistule-Oder). Je prends le train en cours, avant tte chose, bonjour à tt le monde. Since no official estimate had been developed, the numbers were speculative, but newspapers such as the Stockholm Svenska Morgonbladet used phrases such as "privately from Berlin," to explain where they had obtained the figures. According to him, 600,000 civilians died during the allied bombing of German cities, including 72,000 children. Churchill subsequently re-evaluated the goals of the bombing campaigns, to focus less on widespread destruction, and more toward targets of tactical significance. [13] Der Spiegel writes that, for decades, the Communist government of East Germany promoted the bombing as an example of "Anglo-American terror," and now the same rhetoric is being used by the far right. She carries a bundle in her arms. The 303rd group arrived over Dresden two minutes after the 379th and found their view obscured by clouds, so they bombed Dresden using H2X radar. British historian Antony Beevor wrote that Dresden was considered relatively safe, having been spared previous RAF night attacks, and that at the time of the raids there were up to 300,000 refugees in the area seeking sanctuary from the advancing Red Army from the Eastern Front. Des milliers de réfugiés qui fuient l’avancée de l’Armée rouge et de soldats blessés, qui sont soignés dans 25 hôpitaux, s’entassent dans la ville dont il est difficile de déterminer précisément le nombre d'habitants. This is a doctrine to which I could never subscribe. The German national air-defence system could be used to argue—as the tribunal did—that no German city was "undefended". Skønt det britiske luftbombardement af Dresden i 1945 vakte debat fra begyndelsen, må det fastslås, at angrebet ikke har noget med krigsforbrydelser at gøre. [8] Critics of the bombing have asserted that Dresden was a cultural landmark while downplaying its strategic significance, and claim that the attacks were indiscriminate area bombing and not proportionate to the military gains. [73], On 15 February, the 1st Bombardment Division's primary target—the Böhlen synthetic oil plant near Leipzig—was obscured by clouds, so its groups diverted to their secondary target, Dresden. It also said there were barracks, hutted camps, and a munitions storage depot. Causalty figures have varied mainly due to false information spread by Nazi German and Soviet propaganda. The tonnage and types of bombs listed in the service records of the Dresden raid were comparable to (or less than) throw weights of bombs dropped in other air attacks carried out in 1945. PH 2/1 Bombardementskrone Glas Overskærm m Balanceringe Her har du mulighed for at købe en ny glas overskærm til din PH 2/1 Bombardementskrone. [72] The official historical commission collected 103 detailed eyewitness accounts and let the local bomb disposal services search according to their assertions. Après ceux d’Hiroshima et de Nagasaki, il s’agit du bombardement aérien le plus meurtrier de cette guerre. Le bombardement de Dresde eut lieu du 13 au 15 février 1945, selon les principes de la directive du ministère de l'Aviation du gouvernement britannique sur le bombardement de zone du 14 février 1942, devenue avec l'USAAF la directive de Casablanca (en) en 1943. Churchill avait trouvé ça moche ! De var, af Røde Kors, blevet forsikret om, at de ville være i sikkerhed, selv mens de jødiske generaler planlagde at myrde mændene. ...". I do not personally regard the whole of the remaining cities of Germany as worth the bones of one British Grenadier. "[166] Dyson later goes on to say: "Since the beginning of the war I had been retreating step by step from one moral position to another, until at the end I had no moral position at all". He was in Dresden at the time and saw what happened. "The Bombing of Dresden," in. Le bombardement de Dresde constitue la trame de fond du roman d'Henri Coulonges L'Adieu à la femme sauvage. 47, that originated with Hitler's Reich Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels. to take advantage of a large number of refugees, or purposely terrorize the German populace). It is connected with German bands and Dresden shepherdesses. Development of a German political response to the raid took several turns. Les témoignages font aussi dramatiquement état de la présence d'une tempête de feu (Feuersturm) sur plusieurs kilomètres carrés, confirmée par les analyses[32], avec des vents de la force d'une tornade[33] qui aspiraient vers le feu les victimes qui tentaient de se retenir[34],[35]. [120] The baroque Church of Our Lady (completed in 1743) had initially appeared to survive the raids, but collapsed a few days later, and the ruins were left in place by later Communist governments as an anti-war memorial. [20] A special British Joint Intelligence Subcommittee report, German Strategy and Capacity to Resist, prepared for Winston Churchill's eyes only, predicted that Germany might collapse as early as mid-April if the Soviets overran its eastern defences. Selon des estimations, la ville est passée de 630 000 habitants à un regroupement de plus d’un million de personnes à l'époque, un flux de quatre millions de réfugiés de Silésie fuyant notamment sur ordre[19] le front russe allant alors d'est en ouest[20]. In the case of Dresden, as in many other similar attacks, the hour break in between the RAF raids was a deliberate ploy to attack the fire fighters, medical teams, and military units. [93] Seeking to establish a definitive casualty figure, in part to address propagandisation of the bombing by far-right groups, the Dresden city council in 2005 authorized an independent Historian's Commission (Historikerkommission) to conduct a new, thorough investigation, collecting and evaluating available sources. Four major raids were carried out in the span of 10 days, of which the most notable, on 27–28 July, created a devastating firestorm effect similar to Dresden's, killing at least 45,000 people. ». The report by the 1st Bombardment Division's commander to his commander states that the targeting sequence was the centre of the built-up area in Dresden if the weather was clear. Dresde, qui regorgent de réfugiés fuyant l'avance des Soviétique, a déjà subi dans le passé deux bombardements, l'un le 7 octobre 1944, le second le 16 janvier 1945. [159][160] In 1995, the fiftieth anniversary of the bombing, Anti-Germans praised the bombing on the grounds that so many of the city's civilians had supported Nazism. Le compte de 200 000 morts avancé par l'écrivain négationniste David Irving était appuyé sur un rapport de police (Tagesbefehl -TB- Nr. The German army was retreating on all fronts, but still resisting strongly. [122][123], A further development towards the reconstruction of Dresden's historical core came in 1999 when the Dresden Historical Neumarkt Society was founded. The unease was made worse by an Associated Press story that the Allies had resorted to terror bombing. Bombardement dresde. Le recensement des survivants restés sur place, selon le décompte du 30 avril 1945, deux mois après l'attaque, fait état de 368 519 personnes[21]. [131] As such, "grossly inflated"[5] casualty figures have been promulgated over the years, many based on a figure of over 200,000 deaths quoted in a forged version of the casualty report, Tagesbefehl No. I know only one thing: that I must not burn. During the Second World War, Britain was on summer time and. [143] The "hutted camps" mentioned in the report as military targets were also not military but were camps for refugees. Gérard 17 février 2019 @ 18:26 Cette horreur venait après le bombardement de Coventry… Reply. [75], Of 796 British bombers who participated in the raid, six were lost, three of those hit by bombs dropped by aircraft flying over them. He claims that Winston Churchill's decision to bomb a shattered Germany between January and May 1945 was a war crime. A further 1,858 bodies were discovered during the reconstruction of Dresden between the end of the war and 1966. His account relates that over 135,000 were killed during the firebombings. Rien n'indiquait un rôle militaire décisif pour cette ville ancienne, qui avait, pour cette raison, été épargnée pendant cinq ans. [7], The second of the five points addresses the prohibition in the Hague Conventions, of "attack or bombardment" of "undefended" towns. Køb PH 2/1 Bombardement Glas Overskærm - Louis Poulsen her. En 1949, voulant apporter son témoignage, le photographe Richard Peter, habitant de Dresde, publie Dresden, eine Kamera klagt an (Dresde, un appareil photo accuse)[40]. So many people were horribly burnt and injured. Au cours de la guerre froide, les préjugés idéologiques empêchèrent une étude objective du déroulement des événements. [2] An estimated 22,700[3] to 25,000[4] people were killed. Leur toit était peint en blanc avec une croix rouge, rassurant encore davantage les habitants. Le bombardement de Dresde du 13 & 14 Février 1945, a ,au bas mot causé 135.000 victimes. Le bombardement de Dresde, qui eut lieu du 13 au 15 février 1945, selon les principes de la Directive du ministère de l'air du gouvernement britannique sur le bombardement de zone du 14 février 1942 devenue avec l'USAAF celle de en 1943, détruisit presque entièrement la ville allemande de Dresde, dans le cadre d'un bombardement combiné en Bomber stream. L'historien Alexander McKee souligne le caractère inusuel du raid, jusqu'aux feuilles de routes masquées dans les cockpits jusqu'au dernier moment[15]. The only inaccuracy that I found in it is that it does not say that the night attack which produced the holocaust was a British affair. The scale of the destruction in Dresden was some of the most horrific of the air war in Europe, and the attack has been condemned as a war crime. It was a terrible lesson; conceivably that lesson, both in Germany and abroad, could be the most lasting single effect of the air war".[118]. [152], German author Günter Grass is one of several intellectuals and commentators who have also called the bombing a war crime.[153]. "Le 7 mai 1945, juste avant la capitulation allemande, Patton eut une conférence en Autriche avec le Secrétaire américain à la Guerre Robert Patterson. It is a baby. A secondary objective was to disrupt the industrial use of Dresden for munitions manufacture, which American intelligence believed was the case. D'autres considèrent que tous les moyens devaient être utilisés pour mettre fin le plus rapidement à la guerre et en définitive, épargner des vies humaines. L'United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) et la Royal Air Force (RAF) utilisèrent des bombes incendiaires notamment à la thermite[1], l'emploi du phosphore étant lui discuté. Il détruisit presque entièrement la ville allemande de Dresde, dans le cadre d'un bombardement combiné en bomber stream. [37] Nonetheless, according to some historians, the contribution of Dresden to the German war effort may not have been as significant as the planners thought. 1,0 sur 5 étoiles Dresde en toile de fond. ... How much guilt does this parasite not bear for all this, which we owe to his indolence and love of his own comforts. Books. À 22h15, 800 bombardiers britanniques, avions descorte et de diversion convergeaient sur Dresde et larguaient des bombes incendiaires qui mettaient le feu à la ville dune extrémité à lautre. The bombing of Dresden was a British-American aerial bombing attack on the city of Dresden, the capital of the German state of Saxony, during World War II.In four raids between 13 and 15 February 1945, 722 heavy bombers of the British Royal Air Force (RAF) and 527 of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) dropped more than 3,900 tons of high-explosive bombs and incendiary devices on the city. Hvorfor vi bruger cookies? 47 ("TB47") issued on 22 March the number of dead recovered by that date was 20,204, including 6,865 who were cremated on the Altmarkt square, and they expected that the total number of deaths to be about 25,000. This had ground breaking results because it demonstrated a broad support for the aims of the initiative and a widespread appreciation for historical Dresden. Sont accessibles principalement[42] le rapport final (Abschlussbericht) sur Internet; le projet Mathildenstrasse, étude d'une rue-témoin du centre-ville[43], et l'ouvrage publié par l'Institut Hannah Arendt de Dresde. [112][113][114] This was completed on 1 April 1945: ...the moment has come when the question of the so called 'area-bombing' of German cities should be reviewed from the point of view of our own interests. Le phosphore blanc fut largement crédité par les Alliés d'avoir empêché de nombreuses attaques de l'infanterie allemande et d'avoir créé de gros dégâts dans les troupes ennemies lors de la dernière partie de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Le bombardement de Dresde eut lieu du 13 au 15 février 1945, selon les principes de la directive du ministère de l'Aviation du gouvernement britannique sur le bombardement de zone du 14 février 1942, devenue avec l'USAAF la directive de Casablanca (en) en 1943. A 120 kilomètres de là… [28], In response to Churchill's inquiry, Sinclair approached Bottomley, who asked Harris to undertake attacks on Berlin, Dresden, Leipzig, and Chemnitz as soon as moonlight and weather permitted, "with the particular object of exploiting the confused conditions which are likely to exist in the above mentioned cities during the successful Russian advance". A party's representative, Jürgen Gansel, described the Dresden raids as "mass murder," and "Dresden's holocaust of bombs". [a] Three more USAAF air raids followed, two occurring on 2 March aimed at the city's railway marshalling yard and one smaller raid on 17 April aimed at industrial areas. *FREE* shipping on eligible orders. Contrairement aux autres grandes villes, il n'y avait donc pas eu de plan étendu de protection avec grands abris anti-aériens[17]. Allied arguments centre around the existence of a local air defence system and additional ground defences the Germans were constructing in anticipation of Soviet advances. The sirens started sounding in Dresden at 21:51 (CET). I cannot forget these terrible details. Les deux premiers raids de la RAF furent de 243 puis 529 Lancaster (bombardiers de nuit en raison de leur conception moins défensive – cible : ville « city area ») ; le troisième, le lendemain 14, par l'USAF, était de 316 B-17 (bombardiers conçus pour opérer de jour avec des défenses efficaces à bord, et avec précision – cible : triages « marshalling yards ») accompagné de 100 à 200 chasseurs ; le quatrième raid, le 15 février, de L'USAF, était de 211 B-17 – cible : triages[13],[14]. "[146], According to historian Sönke Neitzel, "it is difficult to find any evidence in German documents that the destruction of Dresden had any consequences worth mentioning on the Eastern Front.

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